| INGREDIENT |
AMOUNT |
SUBSTITUTE |
| ALLSPICE |
1 TBSP. |
1/2 TSP. CINNAMON & 1/2
TSP. GROUND CLOVES. |
| APPLE PIE SPICE |
1 TSP. |
1/2 TSP. CINNAMON, 1/4 TSP.
NUTMEG, AND 1/4 TSP. CARDAMOM |
| ARROWROOT |
1 TBSP. |
2 TBSP. ALL-PURPOSE
FLOUR |
BAKING POWDER
BAKING POWDER |
1 TSP.
1 TBSP . |
1/3 TSP. BAKING SODA,
1/2 TSP. CREAM OF TARTER
11/2 TSP. BAKING SODA and 11/2 TSP. CREAM OF TARTER |
| BEEF
BROTH |
1 CUP |
1 BEEF
BOUILLON CUBE DISSOLVED I CUP BOILING WATER |
| Bread Crumbs |
1 cup |
3/4 cup cracker crumbs |
| Brown
Sugar, Light Brown |
1
cup |
Add
2 tbs. molasses per cup of white sugar |
| Brown Sugar, Dark
Brown |
1 CUP |
Add 3 tbs. molasses
per cup of white sugar |
| Butter |
1
cup |
7/8
to 1 cup hydrogenated fat and 1/2 teaspoon of salt or 7/8 cup
lard plus 1/2 tsp. salt or 1 cup margarine or 7/8 cup oil and
1/2 tsp. salt |
| Cake Flour, sifted |
1 cup |
1 cup less 2 tbs.
sifted all-purpose flour |
| Capers |
1 tbs. |
1 tb sp
chopped green peppers |
| Catsup |
1 cup |
1 tsp. dried parsley
flakes & 1/8 tsp. rubbed, dried sage |
| Celery,
fresh |
1/2
cup |
1
tbs. celery flakes |
| Chervil |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. dried parsley
flakes & 1/8 tsp. rubbed, dried sage |
| Chicken
Stock base, instant |
1
tb sp dissolved in 1 cup water |
1
canned or homemade chicken broth or chicken stock |
| Chili sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce,
1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbs. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dash
of ground cloves and dash of allspice |
| Chives,
finely chopped |
2 tsp. |
2 tsp. green onion
tops, finely chopped |
| Chocolate, Unsweetened |
1/4 cup or 4 tbs. |
1 cup sugar, 1 tablespoon,
cornstarch (processed together in food processor) |
| Cocktail
sauce |
1
cup |
1
cup Ketchup & 2 tbs. horseradish |
| Cocoa |
1/4 cup or 4 tbs. |
1 ounce (square) chocolate
- you need to decrease the fat called for in the recipe by 1/2
tbs. |
Confectioners'
Sugar
(Powdered Sugar) |
1
cup |
1
cup sugar, 1 tablespoon, cornstarch (processed together in food
processor) |
| Corn Syrup, Light |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar plus 1/4
cup water |
| Cornstarch |
1
tablespoon |
1
cup sugar and 1/4 liquid (use whatever liquid is called for in
the recipe) or 1 cup of honey |
| Corn Syrup |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar and 1/4
liquid (use whatever liquid is called for in the recipe) or 1
cup of honey |
| Cocoa,
Dutch Process |
3/4
cup |
Add
1/4 teaspoon baking soda to 3/4 cup regular cocoa powder to neutralize
it |
| Cracker
crumbs |
3/4 cup |
1 cup dry bread crumbs |
| Cream |
1 cup |
1/2 cup butter and
3/4 cup milk |
| Cream, Whipped |
any amount |
Chill a 13 oz. can
of evaporated milk for 12 hours and then add 1 tbs. of lemon
juice. Whip until stiff. |
| Cream
of tartar |
1/2 tsp. |
1 2 tsp. lemon juice
or vinegar |
| Dill Plant, fresh
or dried |
3 heads |
1 tbs. dill seed |
Dry
mustard
|
1
tsp. |
1
tbs. prepared mustard |
| Egg |
1 whole |
2 yolks and 1 tb sp
water for cookies or just yolks for custards or 1/2 tsp baking
powder, 1tbsp. vinegar and 1 tbs. liquid (in baking) |
| Dark
corn syrup |
1
cup |
3/4
cup light corn syrup and 1/4 cup molasses |
| Flour, All-purpose |
1 cup |
1 cup cake flour plus 2 tablespoons |
| Flour, Cake |
1
cup |
1
cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
2/3 cup cornstarch plus 1/3 cup all-purpose flour, sifted together |
| Flour, Self-rising |
1 cup |
1 cup all-purpose
flour, 1 tsp. baking powder
and 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Flour,
Soft |
1
cup |
2/3
cup cornstarch plus 1/3 cup all-purpose flour, sifted together |
| Garlic powder |
1/8 tsp. |
1 average garlic clove |
| Gelatin,
flavored |
3
oz package |
1
tbs. plain gelatin and 2 cups fruit juice |
| Ginger root |
1/8 tsp. |
1 tbs. candied ginger
rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely cut or 1 tbs. raw ginger
finely cut |
| Honey |
1
cup |
1
1/4 cups sugar & 1/4 cup water |
| Juice of 1 fresh lemon |
1 lemon |
3-4 tbs. lemon juice |
| Juice
of 1 fresh orange |
1
orange |
6-8
tbs. orange juice |
| Maple syrup |
2 cups |
Combine 2 cups sugar
and 1 cup water, bring to a clear boil, take of head and add
1/2 tsp. maple flavoring |
| Marshmallow
Cream |
1
(7-ounce) jar |
1
(16-ounce) package marshmallows, melted, & 3 1/2 tablespoons
light corn syrup |
| Marshmallows, miniature |
1 cup |
10 large |
| Mayonnaise
(for use in salads and salad dressings) |
1
cup |
1/2
cup yogurt and 1/2 cup mayonnaise or 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup
cottage cheese pureed in blender |
| Me Yen seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. Beau Monde
seasoning or 1/2 table salt |
| Milk,
whole |
1
cup |
1/2
cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water |
| Milk, sweetened condensed |
1 can (about 1 1/3
cup) |
Heat the following
ingredients until sugar and butter are dissolved: 1/3 cup and
2 tbs. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar and 3 tbs. butter or margarine |
| Molasses |
1/2
cup |
1/2
cup dark corn syrup |
| Mushrooms |
1 lb. fresh |
3 oz. dried mushrooms
and 1 1/2 cups water or 1 10 oz can |
| Nuts |
1
cup |
1
cup rolled oats, browned (used in baked products) |
| Onion |
1 medium |
2 tbs. onion flakes |
| Onion
powder |
1
tbs. |
1
medium onion, chopped |
| Parsley, dried |
1 tsp |
3 tsp fresh parsley,
chopped |
| Pecans,
chopped |
1
cup |
1
cup regular oats, toasted
(in baked products) |
| Pepper, fresh |
1/4 cup |
1 tbs. sweet pepper
flakes |
| Pimento |
2
tbs. chopped |
2
tbs. fresh red bell pepper, chopped |
| Poultry seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1/4 tsp. ground thyme
and 3/4 tsp. ground sage |
| Pumpkin
pie spice |
1
tsp. |
1/2
tsp cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger and 1/8 tsp each of nutmeg & ground
cloves |
| Rice, 3 cups cooked |
1 cup regular uncooked |
1 cup uncooked converted
rice or 1 uncooked brown rice or 1 cup uncooked wild rice or
1 cup bulgur or pearl barley, cooked |
| Shortening,
melted |
1
cup |
1
cup cooking oil (cooking oil should not be substituted if recipe
does not call for melted shortening |
| Shortening, solid
(used in baking) |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tbs.
lard or 1 1/8 cups butter (decrease salt called for in recipe
by 1/2 tsp. or 1 1/8 cup margarine (decrease salt called for
by 1/2 tsp.) |
| Sour
cream |
1
cup |
3/4
cup butter and 2/3 cup of milk or 1 cup of plain yogurt |
| Spearmint, dried |
1 tbs. |
1/4 cup chopped fresh mint |
| Sugar,
brown |
1
cup firmly packed |
1
cup granulated sugar or 1 cup granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup unsulphured
molasses |
Tapioca
|
1 tablespoon |
1 1/2 tablespoons all-purpose flour |
| Tarter Sauce |
1/2
cup |
6
tbs. mayonnaise or salad dressing and 2 tbs. pickle relish |
| Tomato Juice |
1 cup |
1/2 cup tomato sauce
and 1/2 cup water |
| Tomatoes,
canned |
1
cup |
1
1/3 cups cut up, fresh tomatoes simmered 10 minutes |
| Unsweetened Chocolate |
1 square |
3 tablespoons unsweetened
cocoa powder, 1 tbs. butter, margarine or vegetable shortening
OR 3 tbs. carob plus 2 tbs. water |
| Vanilla
Bean |
1/2 bean |
1 tbs. vanilla
extract |
| Worcestershire sauce |
1tsp. |
1 tsp. bottled steak sauce |
| 1
envelope or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast |
1
cake |
1
envelope or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast |
Yogurt, plain
top of page |
1 cup |
1 Cup buttermilk or
1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth or
1 cup sour cream |