| INGREDIENT |
AMOUNT |
SUBSTITUTE |
| ALLSPICE |
1 TBSP. |
1/2 TSP. CINNAMON & 1/2 TSP. GROUND CLOVES. |
| APPLE PIE SPICE |
1 TSP. |
1/2 TSP. CINNAMON, 1/4 TSP. NUTMEG, AND 1/4 TSP. CARDAMOM |
| ARROWROOT |
1 TBSP. |
2 TBSP. ALL-PURPOSE FLOUR |
BAKING POWDER
BAKING POWDER |
1 TSP.
1 TBSP . |
1/3 TSP. BAKING SODA, 1/2 TSP. CREAM OF TARTER
11/2 TSP. BAKING SODA and 11/2 TSP. CREAM OF TARTER |
| BEEF BROTH |
1 CUP |
1 BEEF BOUILLON CUBE DISSOLVED I CUP BOILING WATER |
| Bread Crumbs |
1 cup |
3/4 cup cracker crumbs |
| Brown Sugar, Light Brown |
1 cup |
Add 2 tbs. molasses per cup of white sugar |
| Brown Sugar, Dark Brown |
1 CUP |
Add 3 tbs. molasses per cup of white sugar |
| Butter |
1 cup |
7/8 to 1 cup hydrogenated fat and 1/2 teaspoon of salt or 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 tsp. salt or 1 cup margarine or 7/8 cup oil and 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Cake Flour, sifted |
1 cup |
1 cup less 2 tbs. sifted all-purpose flour |
| Capers |
1 tbs. |
1 tb sp chopped green peppers |
| Catsup |
1 cup |
1 tsp. dried parsley flakes & 1/8 tsp. rubbed, dried sage |
| Celery, fresh |
1/2 cup |
1 tbs. celery flakes |
| Chervil |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. dried parsley flakes & 1/8 tsp. rubbed, dried sage |
| Chicken Stock base, instant |
1 tb sp dissolved in 1 cup water |
1 canned or homemade chicken broth or chicken stock |
| Chili sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbs. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dash of ground cloves and dash of allspice |
| Chives, finely chopped |
2 tsp. |
2 tsp. green onion tops, finely chopped |
| Chocolate, Unsweetened |
1/4 cup or 4 tbs. |
1 cup sugar, 1 tablespoon, cornstarch (processed together in food processor) |
| Cocktail sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup Ketchup & 2 tbs. horseradish |
| Cocoa |
1/4 cup or 4 tbs. |
1 ounce (square) chocolate - you need to decrease the fat called for in the recipe by 1/2 tbs. |
Confectioners' Sugar
(Powdered Sugar) |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar, 1 tablespoon, cornstarch (processed together in food processor) |
| Corn Syrup, Light |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup water |
| Cornstarch |
1 tablespoon |
1 cup sugar and 1/4 liquid (use whatever liquid is called for in the recipe) or 1 cup of honey |
| Corn Syrup |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar and 1/4 liquid (use whatever liquid is called for in the recipe) or 1 cup of honey |
| Cocoa, Dutch Process |
3/4 cup |
Add 1/4 teaspoon baking soda to 3/4 cup regular cocoa powder to neutralize it |
| Cracker crumbs |
3/4 cup |
1 cup dry bread crumbs |
| Cream |
1 cup |
1/2 cup butter and 3/4 cup milk |
| Cream, Whipped |
any amount |
Chill a 13 oz. can of evaporated milk for 12 hours and then add 1 tbs. of lemon juice. Whip until stiff. |
| Cream of tartar |
1/2 tsp. |
1 2 tsp. lemon juice or vinegar |
| Dill Plant, fresh or dried |
3 heads |
1 tbs. dill seed |
Dry mustard
|
1 tsp. |
1 tbs. prepared mustard |
| Egg |
1 whole |
2 yolks and 1 tb sp water for cookies or just yolks for custards or 1/2 tsp baking powder, 1tbsp. vinegar and 1 tbs. liquid (in baking) |
| Dark corn syrup |
1 cup |
3/4 cup light corn syrup and 1/4 cup molasses |
| Flour, All-purpose |
1 cup |
1 cup cake flour plus 2 tablespoons |
| Flour, Cake |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
2/3 cup cornstarch plus 1/3 cup all-purpose flour, sifted together |
| Flour, Self-rising |
1 cup |
1 cup all-purpose flour, 1 tsp. baking powder
and 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Flour, Soft |
1 cup |
2/3 cup cornstarch plus 1/3 cup all-purpose flour, sifted together |
| Garlic powder |
1/8 tsp. |
1 average garlic clove |
| Gelatin, flavored |
3 oz package |
1 tbs. plain gelatin and 2 cups fruit juice |
| Ginger root |
1/8 tsp. |
1 tbs. candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely cut or 1 tbs. raw ginger finely cut |
| Honey |
1 cup |
1 1/4 cups sugar & 1/4 cup water |
| Juice of 1 fresh lemon |
1 lemon |
3-4 tbs. lemon juice |
| Juice of 1 fresh orange |
1 orange |
6-8 tbs. orange juice |
| Maple syrup |
2 cups |
Combine 2 cups sugar and 1 cup water, bring to a clear boil, take of head and add 1/2 tsp. maple flavoring |
| Marshmallow Cream |
1 (7-ounce) jar |
1 (16-ounce) package marshmallows, melted, & 3 1/2 tablespoons light corn syrup |
| Marshmallows, miniature |
1 cup |
10 large |
| Mayonnaise (for use in salads and salad dressings) |
1 cup |
1/2 cup yogurt and 1/2 cup mayonnaise or 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup cottage cheese pureed in blender |
| Me Yen seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. Beau Monde seasoning or 1/2 table salt |
| Milk, whole |
1 cup |
1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water |
| Milk, sweetened condensed |
1 can (about 1 1/3 cup) |
Heat the following ingredients until sugar and butter are dissolved: 1/3 cup and 2 tbs. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar and 3 tbs. butter or margarine |
| Molasses |
1/2 cup |
1/2 cup dark corn syrup |
| Mushrooms |
1 lb. fresh |
3 oz. dried mushrooms and 1 1/2 cups water or 1 10 oz can |
| Nuts |
1 cup |
1 cup rolled oats, browned (used in baked products) |
| Onion |
1 medium |
2 tbs. onion flakes |
| Onion powder |
1 tbs. |
1 medium onion, chopped |
| Parsley, dried |
1 tsp |
3 tsp fresh parsley, chopped |
| Pecans, chopped |
1 cup |
1 cup regular oats, toasted
(in baked products) |
| Pepper, fresh |
1/4 cup |
1 tbs. sweet pepper flakes |
| Pimento |
2 tbs. chopped |
2 tbs. fresh red bell pepper, chopped |
| Poultry seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1/4 tsp. ground thyme and 3/4 tsp. ground sage |
| Pumpkin pie spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger and 1/8 tsp each of nutmeg & ground cloves |
| Rice, 3 cups cooked |
1 cup regular uncooked |
1 cup uncooked converted rice or 1 uncooked brown rice or 1 cup uncooked wild rice or 1 cup bulgur or pearl barley, cooked |
| Shortening, melted |
1 cup |
1 cup cooking oil (cooking oil should not be substituted if recipe does not call for melted shortening |
| Shortening, solid (used in baking) |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tbs. lard or 1 1/8 cups butter (decrease salt called for in recipe by 1/2 tsp. or 1 1/8 cup margarine (decrease salt called for by 1/2 tsp.) |
| Sour cream |
1 cup |
3/4 cup butter and 2/3 cup of milk or 1 cup of plain yogurt |
| Spearmint, dried |
1 tbs. |
1/4 cup chopped fresh mint |
| Sugar, brown |
1 cup firmly packed |
1 cup granulated sugar or 1 cup granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup unsulphured molasses |
Tapioca
|
1 tablespoon |
1 1/2 tablespoons all-purpose flour |
| Tarter Sauce |
1/2 cup |
6 tbs. mayonnaise or salad dressing and 2 tbs. pickle relish |
| Tomato Juice |
1 cup |
1/2 cup tomato sauce and 1/2 cup water |
| Tomatoes, canned |
1 cup |
1 1/3 cups cut up, fresh tomatoes simmered 10 minutes |
| Unsweetened Chocolate |
1 square |
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder, 1 tbs. butter, margarine or vegetable shortening OR 3 tbs. carob plus 2 tbs. water |
| Vanilla Bean |
1/2 bean |
1 tbs. vanilla extract |
| Worcestershire sauce |
1tsp. |
1 tsp. bottled steak sauce |
| 1 envelope or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast |
1 cake |
1 envelope or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast |
Yogurt, plain
top of page |
1 cup |
1 Cup buttermilk or
1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth or
1 cup sour cream |
